Tech
How to Change Root Password on Kali Linux – Step-by-Step Guide
Previously known as Backtrack Linux, Kali Linux is widely used by ethical hackers, penetration testers, and cyber security professionals. It includes an extensive range of pre-installed tools for tasks such as penetration testing, digital forensics, and security research.
In this article, I will explain the key features of Kali Linux, guide you how to change the root password Kali Linux, and discuss its advantages and disadvantages.
Key Features of Kali Linux
- Wide Range of Tools: Contains popular tools like Nmap, Metasploit, Wireshark, Aircrack-ng, Burp Suite, and more.
- Customizable and Lightweight: Although its power, Kali Linux can run on minimal hardware and can be customized to suit specific needs.
- Live Boot Option: Users can run Kali from a USB or CD exclusive of installing it on a system, which is appropriate for testing and security audits on the go.
- ARM Support: Kali supports numerous ARM-based devices, making it ideal for penetration testing on devices like Raspberry Pi.
- Routine Updates: The system is regularly updated to ensure users have the latest tools and features.
- Open-Source and Free: Kali is completely open-source, with all tools and features freely accessible.
Common Use Cases
- Penetration Testing: Testing networks, applications, and systems for vulnerabilities.
- Digital Forensics: Using dedicated tools to analyze data and recover proof from digital devices.
- Security Audits: Assessing system security and compliance with industry standards.
- Reverse Engineering and Exploitation Research: Tools for analyzing binaries and understanding malware.
- Network Security: Performing network sniffing, packet analysis, and wireless network testing.
Getting Started with Kali Linux
- Download and Install: Kali Linux is available from the official Kali Linux website. You can install it on your main OS, run it as a virtual machine, or boot it from a USB.
- Learn the Basics: Familiarize yourself with the terminal and the Kali-specific tools. Many resources are available online, including documentation on the official website.
- Practice Safely: Use a controlled environment, like a virtual machine, to ensure your work doesn’t unintentionally impact other systems.
Kali Linux is a powerful system but requires a solid understanding of security principles and Linux fundamentals to use effectively.
Methods to Install Kali Linux
There are four distinct ways to use Kali Linux on a personal computer.
Ø Live USB Mode: live USB pack that can be installed on Kali Linux should only be 8 GB in size. In some cases, Live USBs allow permanent storage, but also require some configuration. A working installation of the operating system can be booted.
Ø Hard Disk Installation: Kali Linux can also be installed on a hard disk, which is a permanent installation, and can be overwritten to ensure that the installation is permanent.
Ø Virtualization: Kali Linux can also be installed on a virtual machine which does not have huge hardware requirements. The main advantage of installation on a virtual machine is that it is not part of any negative process in the system from Direct but is a separate machine that runs on a limited hardware configuration.
Ø Dual-Boot: In this scenario you can install Kali Linux alongside your existing operating system, and you can use two operating systems simultaneously which is a good practice as you can switch operating systems whenever you want.
Change root password kali Linux

If you have installed Kale Linux then first change its root password because you have installed it fresh so don’t forget to keep this in mind you must change its root password how to change it all Below is the step by step guide.
- Open Kali’s command line Terminal
- Press Ctrl + Alt + T to open the Terminal Interface
- Enter the following command.
- Use the command sudo passwd root.
- When prompted enter your system’s root command. If this is a fresh install of Kali, the default password will be set to ‘kali’
- When prompted enter your new command. Be sure to make your new command unique, lengthy, and something that you can remember.
Advantages:
- It has 600+ Penetration testing and network security tools pre-installed.
- It is completely free and open source. So, you can use it for free and even contribute for its development.
- It supports countless languages.
- Great for those who are average in linux and have their hands on Linux commands.
- Could be easily used with Raspberry Pi.
Disadvantages:
- It is not recommended for those who are new to Linux and want to learn Linux.(As it is Penetration Oriented)
- It is a tad slower.
- Some software may malfunction.
Wrapping Up
In this guide, I have explained to you the methods to Change root password kali Linux, which is essential for data protection and system integrity. Regularly updating your root password is crucial for maintaining security. By following the steps above, you can quickly change your password.
Tech
How Cybersecurity Experts Are Preparing for the AI Era
Cybersecurity professionals have spent the past two years reorganising their work around a set of changes that arrived faster than most planning cycles allow for. AI systems that can take actions rather than only produce text are now running inside enterprise environments, and the controls built for conventional software do not map neatly onto them.
The response has not been to abandon existing practice. It has been to extend it, and to bring forward several pieces of work that were previously scheduled for later this decade.
This article covers the four areas where preparation is currently concentrated.
Treating AI agents as privileged users
The first shift is conceptual. An agent that can call APIs, modify files and access enterprise systems is not a piece of software in the traditional sense. It is closer to a user account with broad permissions and no judgement about who is instructing it.
The Australian Signals Directorate’s guidance on agentic AI harnesses addresses this directly. The harness is the software layer that connects a language model to data, tools and systems, and ASD identifies it as the component organisations can most realistically govern. Because prompt injection exploits how models process context, the mitigation has to sit in the harness, controlling what an agent can reach and what it is permitted to do.
In practice, security teams are applying familiar controls to an unfamiliar subject:
- Least privilege: Agent permissions restricted to the minimum needed for approved tasks, rather than broad access granted to reduce friction during a pilot.
- Human approval gates: Retained for high-impact or sensitive actions, with explicit limits on autonomous planning and execution.
- Logging and auditability: Comprehensive records of agent actions, decisions and tool usage, with mechanisms to interrupt or halt an agent mid-task.
- Third-party validation: Assessment of tools, integrations and dependencies before they are connected to anything that matters.
Using AI on the defensive side
The second shift is that defenders have started deploying the same technology. ASD has assessed that agentic AI has the potential to become a powerful force multiplier for cyber defenders, particularly in security operations centre automation, threat detection, vulnerability assessment and incident response.
This is already visible in tooling. ASD released Azul, its open-source malware analysis platform, publicly on GitHub in February 2026 to help network defenders analyse and correlate malware at scale. Commercial security vendors have moved in the same direction, with triage and enrichment work increasingly handled by automated systems so that analysts spend their time on decisions rather than collation.
The caveat attached to all of this is consistent. Agentic tooling used in defence carries the same risks as agentic tooling used anywhere else, which means defensive deployments need the same permission boundaries and oversight as any other.
Testing AI systems the way attackers would
The third area is adversarial testing. Red teaming has been standard practice for years, but the techniques that work against AI systems look very different from conventional penetration testing, because the attack is often written in plain language rather than code.
The OWASP GenAI Security Project’s 2026 assessment found that prompt injection remains the leading category of failure in agentic deployments, with excessive agency climbing sharply because that is where consequences now land. Its agentic risk list covers goal hijacking, tool misuse, memory and context poisoning, and insecure communication between agents, none of which appear in a conventional application security checklist.
Teams are responding by adding AI-specific test cases to release processes: attempting injection through documents, calendar invitations and repository metadata, and verifying that an agent cannot be talked into using a permission it holds for a purpose nobody authorised.
The quantum deadline running in parallel
The fourth piece of preparation has nothing to do with AI, but it is consuming a significant share of the same teams’ attention.
ASD recommends that organisations cease using traditional asymmetric cryptography by the end of 2030, including RSA, Diffie-Hellman, ECDH and ECDSA, replacing them with approved post-quantum algorithms. That is five years earlier than the equivalent NIST timeline. The interim milestones matter more than the endpoint: a refined transition plan by the end of 2026, and migration of critical systems underway by the end of 2028.
The end of 2026 is now close. Organisations that have not located their cryptographic dependencies and built an inventory are behind a schedule that the regulator has already published.
The skills the work requires
What ties these together is that none of them fits neatly inside one specialty. Securing an agentic deployment requires identity and access management, application security, threat modelling and governance at once, and the post-quantum transition is as much an architecture and procurement problem as a cryptographic one.
That combination is scarce. For technologists moving toward it, formal study remains a practical route, and programs such as an online master of cyber security from the University of Melbourne cover secure system design, cryptography, risk management and governance in a single structure rather than as separate certifications.
The fundamentals have not been displaced by any of this. Patching, access control, network segmentation and monitoring still prevent the majority of incidents, and the Five Eyes agencies have been explicit that AI-specific measures should complement established practice rather than replace it. What has changed is the number of things a competent security team is now expected to hold in view at the same time.
Tech
Assessing Your Business Needs for Proposal Automation
Selecting the right proposal automation software can lead to a substantial uptick in productivity for small business owners, reportedly increasing win rates by upwards of 28% and reducing proposal creation time by as much as 65%. Yet, deciding among the plethora of options in the market can be daunting without a clear set of criteria.
Assessing proposal software options requires careful consideration of your business’s unique needs, the usability of the software, its integration capabilities with your current systems, as well as cost and support structures. Below, we delve into the critical questions to steer your decision-making towards the best fit for your company
Before diving into the features of proposal automation software, it’s vital to delineate the specific needs of your business. The scale of operations, the complexity of proposals, and the industry regulations may dictate the level of sophistication you require from software.
To illustrate, a small consultancy firm may prioritize customization and client interaction features, while a construction company may need robust project estimation tools. proposal automation software Map out the proposal process you currently have and identify the bottlenecks or pain points that you intend to alleviate with automation.
Subsequently, identify the metrics you will use to measure success. Think in terms of return on investment, time saved in proposal creation, and improvement in response rates. This step will help you to set clear objectives for what the proposal automation software should achieve.
Evaluating the Usability and Learning Curve of Proposal Software
Usability remains a paramount consideration when selecting proposal automation software. The interface should be intuitive, with a gentle learning curve, especially since team members with varying technical proficiency will be utilizing it.
Investigating the availability of onboarding resources, such as tutorials, webinars, and customer support, can offer insight into how quickly your team can adapt to the new tool. Factors such as the availability of customizable templates can also significantly reduce the time taken to draft proposals. Look for platforms offering a comprehensive set of features conducive to productivity without overwhelming users.
Schedule demos or free trials to get hands-on experience with the software. This approach allows your team to assess firsthand how well the software aligns with your business workflow and the degree of technical support you might require.
Integrating with Existing Tools and Workflow Compatibility
Another crucial factor is the proposal software’s capacity to seamlessly integrate with your current tools and systems. Integration capabilities are essential for maintaining a cohesive workflow and avoiding data silos.
Assess whether the software can easily sync with your Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system, project management tools, and any other software that is central to your operations. This interconnectivity not only facilitates smoother data transfer but also maintains the integrity of analytics and reporting. Glance through customer reviews or case studies to gauge the integration successes of potential software choices.
During your assessment, note the flexibility of the software regarding custom integrations and APIs. This is important for tailored automation that resonates with your specific business processes, which in turn can lead to enhanced efficiency.
Understanding Pricing Structures and Support Options in Proposal Automation Software
The cost of proposal automation software can vary widely, and it’s not just about the upfront price tag. Small businesses should analyze the pricing structures, considering both short-term and long-term financial implications.
Understanding the subtleties between subscription models, one-time fees, and tiered pricing plans can help prevent budget overruns. Additionally, as the business grows, the scalability of the software should align with financial forecasts. Evaluate the availability and scope of customer support offered, which could range from email assistance to dedicated account managers, ensuring that help is readily available when needed.
It’s advisable to compare the total cost of ownership, factoring in setup fees, training costs, and any additional charges for updates or premium features. Make your decision with a clear picture of the investment and the value to be derived from the software in question.
Overall, the decision to invest in proposal automation software should be as deliberate and precise as the proposals your business generates. Take time to define your business needs, test for ease of use, verify integration with current systems, and scrutinize the financial commitments involved. With this strategic approach, you can select a platform that not only automates proposals but also catalyzes the growth and efficiency of your small business.
Tech
What Risks or Vulnerabilities Are Associated with Using Anon Vault?
Privacy-focused storage and sharing platforms have grown rapidly as users seek alternatives to mainstream cloud services. One such solution is Anon Vault, which promotes anonymity and minimal data collection. While this model can be appealing, it also introduces a distinct set of risks and vulnerabilities that users should understand before relying on the platform for sensitive data.
Understanding Anon Vault and Its Core Promise
Anon Vault is typically positioned as an anonymous or privacy-centric vault for storing and sharing files. Its core value proposition often includes:
- Limited or no user identification
- Minimal logging policies
- Emphasis on anonymity and censorship resistance
While these features can enhance privacy, they can also weaken traditional safeguards found in regulated, enterprise-grade storage services.
Security Risks Associated with Using Anon Vault
Weak or Unverifiable Encryption Practices
One major risk is the lack of transparency around encryption standards. If digital privacy with AnonVault does not clearly document:
- Encryption algorithms used (e.g., AES-256)
- Key management processes
- End-to-end encryption implementation
users cannot independently verify whether their data is truly secure.
Increased Exposure to Malware and Malicious Files
Anonymous platforms are often attractive to threat actors. This raises the risk of:
- Hosting infected or malicious files
- Accidental downloads of trojans or ransomware
- Limited or nonexistent malware scanning
Without robust content moderation, users must rely entirely on their own security hygiene.
Privacy and Anonymity Vulnerabilities
False Sense of Anonymity
Anon Vault may advertise anonymity, but true anonymity is difficult to guarantee. Risks include:
- IP address logging by infrastructure providers
- Browser fingerprinting
- Metadata leakage during uploads or downloads
If users do not use additional tools (such as VPNs or hardened browsers), their identities may still be exposed.
Data Retention and Logging Uncertainty
When a service lacks clear policies, users face uncertainty about:
- How long files are stored
- Whether access logs exist
- If data is shared with third parties under legal pressure
This ambiguity can undermine the very privacy users seek.
Legal and Compliance Risks
Lack of Regulatory Oversight
Anon Vault may operate outside strict regulatory frameworks such as GDPR or SOC 2. This creates risks including:
- No guaranteed data protection rights
- Limited recourse if data is lost or exposed
- Unclear jurisdiction governing disputes
For businesses or professionals, this can be a critical compliance red flag.
Potential Association With Illicit Content
Anonymous platforms sometimes become linked to illegal file sharing. Even if you are a legitimate user:
- Your data may reside on shared infrastructure with illegal content
- Authorities could seize servers
- Service shutdowns could occur without notice
This can result in sudden and permanent data loss.
Reliability and Availability Concerns
Risk of Sudden Service Disruption
Anon Vault may be run by a small team or independent operators. Common risks include:
- Limited redundancy and backups
- Financial instability of the service
- Abrupt shutdowns or domain disappearances
Unlike major cloud providers, there may be no service-level guarantees.
No Formal Customer Support
Anonymity-focused services often provide minimal support. This means:
- No guaranteed recovery if you lose access credentials
- Slow or nonexistent responses to incidents
- No accountability for downtime
If access is lost, your data may be unrecoverable.
Usability and Human-Factor Risks
Irreversible Data Loss
Many anonymous vault services do not support:
- Account recovery
- Password resets
- Identity verification
If you lose your encryption key or access link, your data may be permanently lost.
Limited Integration and Features
Compared to mainstream platforms, Anon Vault may lack:
- Version control
- Collaboration tools
- Automated backups
This increases the risk of accidental overwrites or operational errors.
How to Reduce Risks When Using Anon Vault
If you choose to use Anon Vault, consider these mitigation strategies:
- Encrypt files locally before uploading
- Avoid storing mission-critical or irreplaceable data
- Use a VPN and privacy-focused browser
- Maintain offline backups in secure locations
- Review the platform’s documentation and community reputation
Anon Vault can be useful for low-risk, short-term, or non-critical data sharing, but it should not be treated as a fully secure or compliant storage solution.
Final Thoughts: Is Anon Vault Safe to Use?
Anon Vault offers privacy-oriented benefits, but those benefits come with trade-offs in security transparency, legal protection, and reliability. The primary vulnerabilities stem from anonymity itself: reduced oversight, limited accountability, and higher operational risk.
For users who value anonymity above all else, Anon Vault may be acceptable with proper precautions. For businesses or individuals handling sensitive, regulated, or long-term data, the risks often outweigh the benefits.
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